Philosophy of Ethics Essay - 2233 Words

The word â€Å"ethics† comes from Greek ethikas meaning character. Today, we use ethics to describe the normative standard of behavior. The history of philosophical ethics has been broken up into five rational methods: Virtue, Traditional, Modern, and Post-Modern Ethics. Within these periods, the philosophy of ethics changed along with the changes being made within society. The first rational method is Virtue Ethics. The major philosophers during this period were materialists such as Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Plutarch. Greek were concerned with finding eudaimonia meaning the good life, but what is the good life? Known as the greatest Western philosopher, Plato developed the Cardinal Virtues: Justice, Courage, Moderation, and†¦show more content†¦One of the last major philosophers of Virtue Ethics was Plutarch who advocated virtue but disagreed with Epicurus because he believed there was no true pleasure. At this same time, between 400 B.C.- 40 B.C. Stoic philosophers such Cicero, who combined the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato, developed his idea on ethics and how everyone has a duty and should imitate virtue for others. He said duty has two points which are to achieve the Supreme Good, and follow the rules for daily living. Cicero was a strong believer in rationality incorporated Plato’s Cardinal Virtues into his three rules of conduct: master desires through reason, know true value of goals and be moderate in actions and lifestyle. Following Virtue Ethics, a major shift occurred in thinking. The philosophers of Virtue Ethics were materialists and believed we only have what we have and after death, we have nothing. Traditional Ethics shifted the focus on religion once it began to spread. Also known as Biblical Ethics, philosophers started a systematic study of Biblical themes and principles surrounding ethics and morality. St. Augustine was trained as a philosopher and combines his understanding of the Bible to e thics by answering the same question as Plato and Aristotle did, â€Å"What is the highest good?† He answered this question with happiness just like Aristotle but since AristotleShow MoreRelatedEthics Philosophy : Ethics And Ethics Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesEthics Philosophy A personal ethics philosophy helps a person to maintain and employ good morals and values that are important in a one’s life. Understanding the importance of ethics is critical in order to consciously work to develop and effectively utilize ethics. Therefore, accepting the importance of one’s ethical philosophy will result in ethical decision-making, therefore developing the ability to put ethical theory into practice create ethical conditions albeit, personal and professionalRead MoreEthical Philosophy : Ethics And Ethics1935 Words   |  8 Pagesconstructive definition can be formed from these types of discussions. This phenomenon appears most often during in depth discussions of time, probability, and ethics. During this paper I will be focusing upon the last of these three topics. By exploring the three fields of ethical philosophy—metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics—and establishing how they connect with one another, will enable us to b etter understand the purpose behind ethical reasoning. It is important to explore this fieldRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Encyclopedia Of Philosophy950 Words   |  4 Pagesfind myself basing most of my decisions off of is aretology, also referred to as virtue ethics. Aretology is defined by Lovin as â€Å"a system of thinking about ethics that centers on virtues.† Unlike deontology and teleology, which only focus on either rules or goals, aretology combines both rules and goals making it a good basis for ethical decisions. The Stanford of Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines virtue ethics as an ethical approach â€Å"that emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast toRead MoreEthics and Political Philosophy1749 Words   |  7 PagesEthics and Political Philosophy PEC 3 Gabriel Benavides Escriva Hans Jonas, The changed nature of human action This chapter, which is the subject of our study is the first book The principle of responsibility: ethics test for technological civilization, and is titled, The changed character of human action. Hans Jonas studied in this chapter, the changes that have occurred in the history of mankind by emphasizing technological vocation of homo sapiens and what this means fromRead MoreThe Ethics And Moral Philosophy2153 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to the online guide to ethics and moral philosophy, â€Å"Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that places the focus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing on action/policy over other actions/policies. As such, it moves beyond the scope of one’s own interests and takes into account the interests of others† (Online n.d). In simpler vernacular, utilitarianism is the view that the morally right action is the action that increases utility or does the most goodRead MorePhilosophy and Ethics on the Field1689 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy and Ethics My coaching philosophy will be based on athlete safety regardless off or on the field, player development not just in sport, but in themselves as a person and through education, and well-being of the athlete such as their responsibility if you were to play sport. When you are playing sport is the same thing as learning in school, you must have a positive behavior to everyone in your team and classroom. Also, if you are to play sport for the school you must do well in schoolRead MoreEthics and Related Philosophies4468 Words   |  18 PagesI. DEFINITION OF ETHICS Rushworth Kidder  states that standard definitions of  ethics  have typically included such phrases as the science of the ideal human character or the science of moral duty . Ethics, sometimes known as  philosophical ethics,  ethical theory,  moral theory, and  moral philosophy, is a branch ofphilosophy  that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong  conduct, often addressing disputes of  moral diversity.  The term comes from the Greek wordRead MoreEssay Ethics and Moral Philosophies1563 Words   |  7 PagesEthical and Moral Philosophies Ashford University May 20, 2013 Introduction The inner works of a successful business is based on the values and beliefs of its owner. In comparison to a family, the owner may be considered the matriarch and employees considered sons and daughters. Based on that assumption, the responsibility for success and prosperity lie solely on the leader. Family success is based on the philosophy of values and morals of its matriarch that are passed down to the childrenRead MoreEthics And Moral Philosophies Of Organizations783 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Moral Philosophies The majority of organizations have an obligation to build and operate their business with strong moral principles. Leaders should have the confidence and be comfortable with their decision to move their organization in a particular direction. Whether your company is taking a new direction or not, one of the many moral philosophies to apply is that of privacy. To be accountable by rules and concepts that prevent others access to employee actions and communicationRead MorePhilosophy: Epictetus and Ethics751 Words   |  3 PagesPeople cannot control where they are born, the color of their skin, or who their parents are. They can control how they conduct themselves and the actions they take. Ethics encompass morality and the principles of right and wrong. In order for society to prosper we need ethical people working together toward a goal of integrity and compassion. Everyone has circumstances in their lives that they can and cannot control and knowing that is the key to livi ng in harmony with themselves and others

Consequences of Popular Culture - 1060 Words

Consequences of Popular Culture A Consequence can be defined as, Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition. In this matter we are referring to the consequences of Pop Culture towards violence. Violence in general has one meaning, an act of aggression. We will be examining three types of violence in our culture, Domestic violence, Youth violence, and of course Gun violence. We feel that all three of these types of violence have increased in today s society as a consequence of pop culture. Popular culture, or pop culture, is the people s culture that prevails in a modern society. The content of popular culture is determined in large part by industries that disseminate cultural material, for example the†¦show more content†¦We feel this compromise in our culture has only led to consequences as far as violence. Domestic violence generally means, violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or domestic partner; usually violence by men against women, but can also includ e other siblings. Domestic violence is caused specifically by the choice to engage in violent or abusive behavior against a partner, sibling or child. A variety of factors can lead to that choice. We feel that the pop culture like rap music takes part in some of the factors that lead to domestic violence. Rap music has a way of sending subliminal messages of degrading your spouse or any women at that. We also include the movie industries as well for example the hit movie Hustle and Flow which had a song called Whoop that Trick and a scene of domestic violence. Films like this can make the minds of people comfortable with the facts of domestic violence, in other words thinking it just happens. It is estimated that every year in the United States, approximately 3 million women are assaulted by their partner. Many of these incidents go unreported to authorities due to the shame and fear associated with domestic violence. In 1998, of the approximately 1.5 million violent crimes commit ted between intimate partners, over 876,000 of the victims were women, and over 835,000 were men. Of the approximately 1,830 murders committed against intimate partners in 1998, 3 out of 4 of the victims wereShow MoreRelatedYouth And The Hip Hop Youth Culture1695 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian Youth Culture Introduction Youth has various definitions. It can be considered as a state of mind, a life stage, or a stage of development. Youth can also be considered as a creation of marketing and a demographic category. Youth cultures as well as subcultures based on the theory or theories applied refer to cultures that in most part comprise of young people as the members. Youth cultures are determined by ways of living and they revolve around peer groups that stress a definitiveRead MoreCultural Theory And Popular Culture1166 Words   |  5 PagesAfter concluding my remaining readings of chapters 7 through 10 from Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, I found my core understanding of the overall theoretical ideas posed by author, John Storey, had become clearer in the rounding up of the semester. Within chapter 7 of the book, popular culture is discussed in relation to issues connected to feminism, gender and sexuality. According to Storey, â€Å"Popular culture has been the object a great deal of feminis t analysis† (pg. 136), and, as previously discussedRead MoreEffects Of Mass Tourism960 Words   |  4 Pagesalways has a positive impact on a country or region Introduction Mass tourism has become more popular than ever because of ease of access to destinations and transportation with the ever-growing influence of social media. Although in a traditional sense, mass tourism itself is not an ideal industry, but it can have varying impacts on a country or region. It can help its environment, highlight its culture and boost its economy. Although it can also have negative outcomes if the country or region hasRead MoreSocial And Economic Factors Of The American Youth889 Words   |  4 Pagesof both influences something, plays a major role in shaping the American youth. Today, society as a whole can notice that our younger generation is focused on popular culture, which defines what one should look like through television, movies, music, etc. The media bombards the American youth with its’ advertising on the popular culture. All these images are engraved in adolescents’ minds, consciously and subconsciously. Based on the statistical data fro m this impact, the American youth is regressingRead More Hip Hop vs. Ethics Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesEthics of The Music Industry Works Cited Not Included Hip-hop culture has been socially labeled as deviant, a counter-culture, un-American because of its lack of moral. Specifically, gangsta rap which glorifies guns, sex, violence, drug use and gang activity has been castigated. This type of rap promotes a nonconformist and rebel adaptive behavior. As a result, it gives hip-hop culture a deviant label. A simple definition of deviance is behavior that does not conform to group-shared norms;Read MoreBecoming Black : Rap And Hip Hop, Race, Gender, Identity, And Politics Of Esl Learning1632 Words   |  7 Pageship-hop be described as revolutionary today? How has rap/hip-hop culture re-appropriated the N-word as an appellation? How has ‘Black Stylized English’ transmitted or revolutionized popular culture? Why has the hip-hop culture transcended ethnic boundaries? In what ways does hip-hop been identified as influential sites in African students’ processes of becoming black? What are the pedagogical inputs that hip-hop has linked to its culture? Was hip-hop part responsible for the youth’s involvement in BarackRead MoreThe Sexual Revolution And The Contraceptive Pill1239 Words   |  5 Pagescultural paradigm shift commonly called Sexual Revolution (History.com Staff). However, the contraceptive pill itself did not have the power to change a culture, it was only an instrument to facilitate a culture in changing itself. It had no power; it only gave people a way to have greater sexual liberties without consequences. So what made the culture want to change? What truly caused the Sexual Revolution? By looking deeper into its root philosophies and causes, the Sexual Revolution can be viewedRead MorePopular Culture is Not the Devil1056 Words   |  5 PagesPopular Culture Is Not The Devil Many people can agree that popular culture is invasive, but the opinions differ on how invasive it actually is and whether it is harmful or beneficial. In David Denby’s Buried Alive: Our Children and the Avalanche of Crud, he clearly states his opinion of popular culture and how it has invaded his home and the attitude of his children. The main source of popular culture according to Denby is the media, which has become â€Å"three-dimensional, inescapable, omnivorousRead MoreMedia Influence On American Culture1563 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican culture. The media is prevalent on every medium, from newspapers, to television, the Internet, and mobile applications. However, the controversial argument of whether American culture is more influenced or more informed by the media still stands. â€Å"American culture† is what I consider to be the social norms, fashion, topics of discussion, current events, and mindsets that are popular within the general American population. T he â€Å"media† to me refers to all forms of news and popular culture fromRead MoreThe Cultural Work Of Pixar897 Words   |  4 Pagesin context, the term â€Å"cultural work† is identified through a framework of looking at how a text is received by a culture, and how that text responds to the said culture. As Tompkins explains, in this view, novels and stories should be studied not because they manage to escape the limitations of their particular time and place, but because they offer powerful examples of the way a culture thinks about itself, articulating and proposing solutions for the problems that shape a particular historical moment

Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods in Education Research Free Essays

All educational (and other) research falls into two broad methodological categories: qualitative and quantitative (Lincoln Denzin, 1994; Charles, 1998; Merriam, 1998; Holliday, 2001). â€Å"Research that relies on verbal data is called qualitative research, while research that relies on numerical data is called quantitative research [emphasis original]† (Charles, p. 30). We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods in Education Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Various opinions exist, depending on one†s viewpoint, experience, or preference, about which of the two major approaches to education research, qualitative or quantitative, is better. In my own opinion, neither quantitative research in education nor qualitative research in education is inherently â€Å"better† or â€Å"worse†; one†s research method must spring from the design and content of the project itself. To decide on one research method or another, based on other reasons, seems to me both artificial and possibly harmful to the project. I believe that both of these methods are inherently, equally useful depending on how and why they are used, and on what is expected from the project by the researcher and others. According to Charles (1998), the original impetus for any educational research project, either qualitative or quantitative, springs from an initial recognition of a particular problem or concern, perhaps previously unidentified or insufficiently researched: A concern is identified for which there is no ready answer. The concern may have arisen because of a need, an interest, or a requirement, or a commissioned work, and may have been present for a long time or may have arisen unexpectedly. For example . . . ducators have identified a disturbing pattern of academic achievement in . . . schools-students from certain ethnic groups seem to progress more rapidly than others, despite the educators† efforts to provide equal educational opportunities for all. (p. 10). We would use qualitative research . . . to investigate and describe the after-school activities of . . . high school students newly arrived from El Salvador. We would try to document carefully who did what, and the data thus obtained would be mostly verbal, acquired through observation, otation, and recording. On the other hand, if we wished to assess the language and mathematics abilities of those same students, we would use quantitative research. . . . administer tests that yield numerical scores we could analyze statistically. (Charles) Qualitative research in education involves using research methods that might include observation; interviewing, or shadowing of research subjects, and/or interpretation of data, from an individual, non-empirical perspective. Quantitative research, on the other hand, uses methods like statistical surveys; questionnaires with results are broken down by percentages, and interpreted on that basis, and other empirical (rather than interpretative) methods. It is also possible, within some education research projects, to combine qualitative and quantitative research into one project, for example, by doing both statistical surveys of minority high school students on their feelings about access to college-preparatory and advanced placement courses, and personal observations of minority students within their high schools. I see considerable merit within both educational research methods, and have read a number of both qualitative and quantitative studies that I have found worthwhile and helpful. Therefore, I believe that it depends on one†s project design, and one†s goals for the project, whether one should select either a quantitative or a qualitative research method, or perhaps a combination of both methods, to best achieve one†s goals for an educational research project. How to cite Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods in Education Research, Essays

Strategic Management of Australian Dairy-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of the Australian Dairy Industry. Answer: Introduction The Australian Dairy industry has contributed massively to the countrys economy with numerous jobs created on dairy farms among other sectors. Indeed, the $13 billion sector is an important cornerstone to the wellbeing of majority of the Australians. According to Gourley et al. (2012), Dairy, in terms of farm gate value has a large export value with approximately 35% of the countrys dairy production exported annually. However, increased international competition particularly from countries such as the U.S and New Zealand means that the sector is currently experiencing a consistent decline (Chapman et al., 2014). This is evident from the closure of some processing plants, and this has weaken the individual ability of such companies to sufficiently pay dairy farmers. As such, this report examines the competitive environment of the Australian dairy industry, and this will entail a special insight into the dairy crisis that has engulfed the country. The report further explores the strategic landscape that will include an analysis of the Porters Five Forces within the Australian Dairy Industry. Moreover the report provides a comprehensive competitive advantage and quantitative analysis of the Australian Dairy industry. Competitive environment: Understanding the Australian dairy crisis The Australian dairy crisis started when the two major processing companies, Murray Goulbun and Fonterra announced unexpected and backdated price cuts. This decision affected most of the Australian farmers especially from the Southern regions whose only source of income had been disrupted (McDowell and Nash, 2012). Most of these farmers relied on the expanding Asian markets especially the Chinese increased demand for powder milk products. Tracing background of the crisis In essence, the Ukraine conflict is directly linked to the global milk crisis that also affected the Australian farmers. This was particularly true after the Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 was allegedly shot down by Russian backed rebels in Crimea killing everybody on board. The result was a protracted trade war which saw Russia slapped with numerous sanctions from the European Union and the U.S (Buys et al., 2014). Russia reacted by banning all imports from Western dairy companies from coming into the country. The Australian dairy farmers were greatly affected by this decision taken by Russian government. This is because milk and dairy products from the European Union and the U.S started flooding markets that were initially dominated by Australian companies. To be precise, dairy products from the EU that were initially branded for the Russian markets had to be rebranded and sold locally and to other new markets such as Asia (Buys et al., 2014). The outcome was a flooded market with dairy products which prompted major processing companies to slash their prices to remain competitive. As a result of the Russian ban of European dairy products, the EU embarked on its long-term objective of eradicating reliance on dairy production by exploring other viable alternatives and substitutes (Von Keyserlingk et al., 2013). The EU also removed the milk quotas further propelling a storm that was already ravaging the Australian dairy industry. The increased stockpiles of cheese and milk powder among other related products meant that production had outstripped demand. Prices of dairy products fell and this meant that farmers were paid less for their commodities. The Chinese market which the Australian farmers targeted also had a stretched supply of dairy products (Lees et al., 2012). Correspondingly, New Zealands decision to halt the building of milk dehydrators and explore other feasible production options further affected the Australian Milk industry (Tiwari et al, 2012). The country reasoned that the reducing global powder milk prices was bad for the economy and could easily affect other sectors if it was not adequately contained. The effects of the Australian milk crisis The immediate effect of the Australian milk crisis was a reduction in farmers incomes with most farmers struggling to keep afloat. Companies such as Murray Goulburn started diversifying into other nutritional product such as soy milk to sustain their competitive advantage (McDowell and Nash, 2012). The company was also forced to cut milk prices for Australian farmers and significantly re-evaluate its profit forecast. Notably, the decision by Murray Goulburn and Fonterra companies to cut prices exerted the biggest blow to the Australian dairy industry. Strategic landscape: Effects of the Porters Five Forces within the Australian Dairy Industry Threat of competitive rivalry There are numerous firms that are currently operating in the Australian dairy industry. As such, there is a comparatively higher level of competitive rivalry in this particular industry. The companies market share vary significantly depending on individual operational prowess among other market factors (Roberts et al., 2012). With the industry recording tremendous growth over the last few decades, dairy companies in the sector must upgrade their products if they are to sustain the fierce global competitions. According to Klerkx and Nettle (2013), most dairy product consumers relates high price to better quality and nutritious products, and companies operating in the industry must comply with such market requirements. Moreover, given the fierce competitive rivalry, most Australian dairy companies are currently focusing on the development of after-sale service, and include setting up free health clubs that provides nutrition information and advice to their consumers among other related consultancy service. Suppliers bargaining power There is relatively higher bargaining power of the suppliers in the Australian dairy industry. This is because most of the dairy farms in the country are specialized and produce in large scale. This implies that farmers can produce larger quantity of milk and control the quality and supply in the country and global markets (McDowell and Nash, 2012). This has strengthened the bargaining power of most farmers operating in this industry. Most of the farmers in the industry also have the requisite management experience, as well as large-scale farms that can facilitate and sustain higher production. Most of the countrys dairy products are consumed locally, and this has really plummeted the growth of the industry (Cary and Roberts, 2011). With the increase in demand for Australian milk products from some Asia countries, the industrys competitive capacity especially in the global markets is set to improve. Moreover, most companies in the industry possess the inherent ability to control milk purchase contracts based on quality and quantity of their dairy products (Roberts et al., 2012). However, the recent dairy crisis in the country have exposed the local dairy industry in a flaccid position that if not adequately addressed will significantly affect the industrys long-term survival. The consumers bargaining power Consumers in the Australian dairy industry have higher bargaining power. This can be accredited to the large number of companies that are currently operating in the industry (McDowell and Nash, 2012). Also, there are numerous dairy products that are available in the market soaring the consumers options. Most dairy product consumers are not swayed by commodity prices. Quality, product variation and the power of the brand are some of the most important consumer purchase determinants (Nettle, Brightling and Hope, 2013). The industry also have numerous direct customers such as dairy products distribution agents, pharmaceutical stores and nutrition clubs in most parts of Australia (Roberts et al., 2012). These are some of the important players that are significantly influencing the purchase decisions of some consumers (Henry et al., 2012). The numerous dairy product distribution points have further expanded consumer options strengthening their respective bargaining powers. Substitute products Dairy products remains to be an instrumental nutritional supplement that is relatively hard to substitute. As such, the threat of alternative nutritious products is medium. The only threat to the Australian dairy industry is the control of global market share given the increase in global competitions. Also, other products such as soy milk and cereal beverages such as cocoa and coffee possess serious market threat to liquid dairy products (Cary and Roberts, 2011). New market entrants Venturing into the dairy industry requires large capital investment and adherence to strict operational standards. For example, large capital is required to facilitate Moreover, companies operating in the industry are majorly characterised by stability in growth, higher profits and larger market shares. As such, any company willing to venture into this market must be ready to overcome such aggressive market competition and requirements (Roberts et al., 2012). The industry stresses mostly on product quality, therefore, capturing customer loyalty may prove difficult especially for new competitors. Correspondingly, most of the production and distribution channels in the Australian dairy market are full. This implies that new market entrants must invest heavily to gain some control of the market that is currently dominated by firms such as Murray Goulburn and Fonterra farmer. Competitive Advantage Quantitative Analysis The Australian Dairy industry is greatly affected by international competition. The table below shows the world dairy industry production from 2013-2016. Global production of dairy products is currently up with the production growth estimated to increase especially in from developed countries. 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total production output (millions tons) 700.1 652.4 723.1 699.6 Total trade volume (millions tons) 50.4 41.5 40.4 53.4 Demand of developing nations (kg/person/year) 66.5 67.8 71.5 63.7 Demand of developed countries (kg/person/year) 246 214 256.2 245 During the 2015 Australian dairy crisis, there was an increase in production and supply of daily products, but the consumption of such products was limited especially in Russia (Bardsley and Pech, 2012). The table below also shows the contribution and position of the Australian dairy industry both locally and in the global markets. Total number of dairy farms 6,400 Number of people employed on farms 24,750 Number of people employed in processing firms 19,000 People working directly working dairy 43,750 Share of national milk production 100% Total value of milk leaving farms $3.8 m Contribution of the dairy farms to the Australian economy $2.9 b Value of dairy products exported $2.8b Volume of dairy products exported 800000 tonnes Notably, Australia contribute approximately 6% of the global milk production with the U.S, European Union and New Zealand leading the pack. Most of Australias dairy products are sold locally given its relatively large local consumer base (McDowell and Nash, 2012). Also, the country export most of its products to some parts of Asia, the Americas, EU and Africa. The country also receives dairy products imports especially cheese from the U.S and New Zealand exposing the industry to global competition. Furthermore, the most popular dairy product that are locally consumed include milk, cheese, butter and yoghurt as shown in the table below. Dairy product Consumption per capita Milk 102 litres Cheese 13 kg Butter 4 kg Yoghurt 7 kg Overall, the Australian dairy industry is experiencing considerable amount of competitive pressure particularly on these locally consumed products given the increase in international competition (Roberts et al., 2012). The table below shows some of the major export markets that Australia exports to approximately 50% of its milk and dairy products. Region % exported Americas 5% Africa 4% Middle East 10% Europe 2% South East Asia 30% Japan 19% Other parts of Asia 24% The figure above also shows that the Australian dairy products are majorly exported. This can be accredited to intense domestic competitions and lower local prices (Nettle, Brightling and Hope, 2013). However, being a relatively liberal sector, the Australian dairy industry has for a very long time been able to brace global competitions. This can be accredited to the countrys efficient production methods and development of strong herd genetics with comparatively high milk production (McDowell and Nash, 2012). Therefore, the industry is poised for strong export growth given the increasing demand for dairy products from some countries in Asia. Australia is currently the third largest exporter of dairy products after the EU and New Zealand with about 10% global market share. By country, Australias major export destinations include China and Malaysia. Conclusion In general, the future of the Australian dairy industry is relatively bright especially the increased demand for powder milk in most parts of Asia. Indeed, the industry is poised to capitalize on the glowing international demand, and this will further facilitate the growth of the industry and general economy of Australia. Even though the infamous Australian dairy crisis greatly affected operations in the industry, the government and other related agencies response to the crisis has been impressive. The industry is still relatively volatile given that it is still recovering from the crisis and this is hurting consumer and investor confidence References Arvanitoyannis, I.S. (2010) Waste management for the food industries. Academic Press. Bardsley, D.K. and Pech, P. (2012) Defining spaces of resilience within the neoliberal paradigm: could French land use classifications guide support for risk management within an Australian regional context?, Human ecology,40(1), pp.129-143. Buys, L., Mengersen, K., Johnson, S., van Buuren, N. and Chauvin, A. (2014) Creating a Sustainability Scorecard as a predictive tool for measuring the complex social, economic and environmental impacts of industries, a case study: Assessing the viability and sustainability of the dairy industry, Journal of environmental management,133, pp.184-192. Cary, J. and Roberts, A. (2011) The limitations of environmental management systems in Australian agriculture, Journal of Environmental Management,92(3), pp.878-885. Chapman, D.F., Hill, J., Tharmaraj, J., Beca, D., Kenny, S.N. and Jacobs, J.L. (2014) Increasing home-grown forage consumption and profit in non-irrigated dairy systems. 1. Rationale, systems design and management, Animal Production Science,54(3), pp.221-233. Chapman, D.F., Kenny, S.N. and Lane, N. (2011) Pasture and forage crop systems for non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia: 3. Estimated economic value of additional home-grown feed, Agricultural Systems,104(8), pp.589-599. Cuganesan, S., Guthrie, J. and Ward, L. (2010) Examining CSR disclosure strategies within the Australian food and beverage industry, InAccounting Forum(Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 169-183). Elsevier. Gourley, C.J., Dougherty, W.J., Weaver, D.M., Aarons, S.R., Awty, I.M., Gibson, D.M., Hannah, M.C., Smith, A.P. and Peverill, K.I. (2012) Farm-scale nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur balances and use efficiencies on Australian dairy farms, Animal Production Science,52(10), pp.929-944. Henry, B., Charmley, E., Eckard, R., Gaughan, J.B. and Hegarty, R. (2012) Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia, Crop and Pasture Science,63(3), pp.191-202. Kaine, G. and Cowan, L. (2011) Using general systems theory to understand how farmers manage variability, Systems Research and Behavioral Science,28(3), pp.231-244. Klerkx, L. and Nettle, R. (2013) Achievements and challenges of innovation co-production support initiatives in the Australian and Dutch dairy sectors: a comparative study, Food Policy,40, pp.74-89. Lee, J.M., Matthew, C., Thom, E.R. and Chapman, D.F. (2012) Perennial ryegrass breeding in New Zealand: a dairy industry perspective, Crop and Pasture Science,63(2), pp.107-127. Massoud, M.A., Fayad, R., El-Fadel, M. and Kamleh, R. (2010) Drivers, barriers and incentives to implementing environmental management systems in the food industry: A case of Lebanon, Journal of Cleaner Production,18(3), pp.200-209. McDowell, R.W. and Nash, D. (2012) A review of the cost-effectiveness and suitability of mitigation strategies to prevent phosphorus loss from dairy farms in New Zealand and Australia, Journal of Environmental Quality,41(3), pp.680-693. McLachlan, R. (2013) Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper, Nettle, R., Brightling, P. and Hope, A. (2013) How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension,19(3), pp.271-290. Nettle, R., Paine, M. and Penry, J. (2010) Aligning farm decision making and genetic information systems to improve animal production: methodology and findings from the Australian dairy industry, Animal Production Science,50(6), pp.429-434. Rad, S.J. and Lewis, M.J. (2014) Water utilisation, energy utilisation and waste water management in the dairy industry: a review, International Journal of Dairy Technology,67(1), pp.1-20. Roberts, A.M., Pannell, D.J., Doole, G. and Vigiak, O. (2012) Agricultural land management strategies to reduce phosphorus loads in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia, Agricultural Systems,106(1), pp.11-22. Tiwari, J., Babra, C., Tiwari, H., Williams, V., De Wet, S., Gibson, J., Paxman, A., Morgan, E., Costantino, P., Sunagar, R. and Isloor, S. (2013) Trends in therapeutic and prevention strategies for management of bovine mastitis: an overview, Journal of Vaccines Vaccination,4(1), pp.1-11. Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Martin, N.P., Kebreab, E., Knowlton, K.F., Grant, R.J., Stephenson, M., Sniffen, C.J., Harner, J.P., Wright, A.D. and Smith, S.I. (2013) Invited review: Sustainability of the US dairy industry, Journal of dairy science,96(9), pp.5405-5425.

Examined Life free essay sample

Kaplan was not satisfied with just passing tests himself, when he observed his fellow classmates struggling he helped them as well. Kaplan believed that every test should be studied for and he believed that just getting a good score wasn’t enough. He was confident in his abilities even to the point when he felt he was given an incorrect grade, he went to his professor and expressed his displeasure, only to find out that there had been a mishap when the professor was correcting the papers and his paper had been switched with a student that did not measure up to his academic perseverance. He was so confident that he said the â€Å"H† in his name Stanley H. Kaplan stood for â€Å"Higher scores! † Gladwell mentioned in his essay that when Kaplan was introduced to the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) by a student in 1946, and informed that the test was not to be studied for, Kaplan was puzzled and set out to prove that this test, just as every test he had encountered in his educational journey, could in fact be studied for and coached. We will write a custom essay sample on Examined Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kaplan did the absolute opposite of what the creators of the test intended. Gladwell also expresses in his essay that Kaplan grilled the student over and over on the subjects that were to be on the test, and as a result the student was very at ease with the thought of taking the test and approached it with confidence. The student was very happy with what Kaplan had done for her and testified to all her classmates and friends of Kaplan’s methods. The word spread throughout Brooklyn and this catapulted Kaplan into nationwide recognition in the educational world. Malcolm Gladwell did his homework in preparation for writing his essay and proving his point. He incorporated the accounts of anti-test taking supporter David Owen, with a few examples from his books â€Å"None of the Above† which is a revision of his book â€Å"The Truth About the SAT†. The book, written by Owen, states that if you’ve never seen the S. A. T. before, it might be difficult to guess the right answer, but if an individual had exposure and had the opportunity to practice for the SAT and assimilate its ideology the individual could pretty much predict the answers to the questions. He also incorporated SAT critics to support his belief. This account was taken from Gladwell’s argument: â€Å"Critics of the S. A. T. ad made a kind of parlor game of seeing how many questions on the reading-comprehension section (where a passage is followed by a series of multiple-choice questions about its meaning) can be answered without reading the passage. † This particular statement encouraged my decision to agree with this argument. The critics of the SAT made somewhat of a mockery of the test in my opinion. This essay helped me to see the SAT’s predictability in its composition and I agree with Kaplan that every test should be studied for and that if given the opportunity to preview the SAT it could, in fact, be coachable and studied for. Gladwell made his argument believable and I strongly agree with his observation that Stanley H. Kaplan ruined the SAT. Stanley H. Kaplan set precedence with his coaching and tutoring ability of the SAT. He tore down a wall that was put in place to dictate who should and should not do well on a test. I, for one, believe that all people have a right to do well and that Stanley H. Kaplan did all college bound students a tremendous service.

Harry Potter Discussion Board Example

Harry Potter Discussion Board Example Harry Potter Discussion Board – Coursework Example The Magic of Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone I believe that Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone is incredibly successful because of multiple factors: lovable characters that the audience can identify with and root for; imaginative settings that children and adults can delight in exploring; an exciting plot that promises new happenings and outcomes; and the universal themes of friendship and finding one’s identity. First, this book has characters that many readers can fall in love with. They will love Harry and root for him because of his traumatic childhood experience. They will want him to be prepared in defeating Voldemort. They can relate with him, Ron, and Hermione too because these kids want to find out who they are and to prove themselves worthy of being in Hogwarts. The audience can also love to hate Snape for being the archetype of the detestable teacher. These are characters that arouse emotions and motivate people to read more about them. Second, the settings a re creative and new. Hogwarts and its nearby environments are treasures of new sights, sounds, tastes, and scents that can pique and hold the interest of various people. Third, the plot is engaging and exhilarating. It has numerous action-filled sub-plots and enough drama to keep the story â€Å"real.† Finally, the themes of friendship and finding one’s identity are important themes to numerous people. Human beings want to find real friends and to uncover and develop their real identities. Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone is successful because it has magic without being unrealistic. It can cast a spell on people who like characters who have goals and challenges in life and who want to live in fantastic worlds where good can trump evil.

The role of microRNAs in breast cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The role of microRNAs in breast cancer - Essay Example Below is a description of the effect of miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis, treatment and cause. Regulation on Cancer Causing Proteins According to Yamashita and others, mis-expressions or mutations in miRNA have been associated with different types of human cancers. The loss-or-gain-of function of some miRNAs has also been found to contribute to tumorigenesis and epithelial cellular transformation of the breast. Research has also revealed that profiling of miRNA expression shows that different molecular subtypes in breast cancer have different expressions of miRNAs (Yamashita et al, n.d., p. 331). ER? is responsible for breast cancer. There are two types of ER? related breast cancers. There are ER?-negative and ER?-positive breast cancers. Most primary breast cancers express ER? with an approximate value of 70%. ER?-positive breast cancers have been found to respond positively to endocrine therapy. This could be because of the role of ER? in the endocrine system. ER? is necessary fo r estrogen-dependent growth. It affects the response to endocrine therapy among women with ER?-positive breast cancers depending on its level of expression. ... 331). The Roles of miRNAs in Cellular Processing There are various cellular processes in which miRNAs are involved. These include development of skeletal and heart muscles, and establishment and maintenance of cell lineage. The miRNAs have the ability to express specific tissue, which has been, observed in insulin secretion, proliferation, hematopoiesis, adepocyte development, apoptosis, and brain pattering. Because of these roles and involvement in diverse cellular functions, miRNAs’ function and expression dysregulation has the potential to cause diseases. This has been observed in Tourette’s syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and from recent research studies, associated with cancer development and progression (Kayani, Kayani, Malik & Faryal, 2011, p. 3175). Bachour and Bennett (2011) also note that miRNAs are involved in regulation of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, and have the ability to directly obstruct stability and translation of specific gene transcri pts that they target and cause cell physiology disorder. In breast cancer, for example, miRNAs have been found to be involved in the dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, causing progression of breast cancer (Bachour & Bennett, 2011; Liu et al, 2011). MiRNAs are also found in regulation of cell development and cell cycle. This characteristic places them in the best place for exploring anticancer treatments. Altered miRNA signatures cause breast cancer metastasis and development. This has been identified through the study of the effect of the loss of tumour suppressor miRNAs such as miR-31, miR-203, miR-30a, miR-34a, miR-200s, miR-205, miR-342, miR-125s, miR-206, and let-7s, or the over-expression of oncogenic miRNA such as miR-21, miR-155, miR-222, miR-10b,

What Makes PPP Different Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Makes PPP Different - Article Example This includes all-time internet connectivity to help students access the E-library, smart board, Online courseware ( Blackboard ) – Student’s work samples ( LINK ), Dyned – labs, Online Campus TV Streaming and Banner System. Students may also register for courses and request for advising from their esteemed mentors online in the privacy of their homes. PPP offers state of the art facilities and services that students may freely avail of. This is to ensure that students are ready for globalization and to groom them for prospective employment right after university studies. One essential factor is the use of English, the international language, as the main medium of instruction. Aside from this, student competencies are honed in PPP’s clubs and activities. These competencies, namely: Communication, Teamwork, Critical Thinking / Problem solving, Technology, Professional, and Leadership Skills are the core skills PPP intends to develop and master in all the students. PPP is the university students’ partner in plotting their career paths. Even as students, they are already trained in the hiring process of companies, so they are knowledgeable in crafting impressive resumes and answering tricky interview questions. They are assessed of the skills they gain using the Learning Outcomes Assessments that track their performance progress all throughout their university career. Their performance profile shall be used to build upon their portfolio as tangible evidence of their achievements in university. This E-portfolio will be accessible online for future employers and for the students’ professional use. What is impressive about it is that not only do they present a degree but also evidence of their working experiences. Personal services such as financial aid for deserving students as well as health and counseling services are available at PPP.  

How Domestic Commitment Contribute To Our Understanding of War Essay

How Domestic Commitment Contribute To Our Understanding of War - Essay Example Similarly, international factors affect domestic structures and processes of peace, economics, democratization, global issues and state systems or machinery. Modern political science professionals and scholars are faced with the challenge or question of why some conflicts end quickly while others last years and even decades. Consequently, their interest has been in unearthing and understanding what separates the wars or conflicts that cause deaths, suffering, and displacement of millions of people from those in which the death and displacement magnitude is of a lower order. Although most studies in on this topic seem to narrow on specific war or conflict mechanism, with variations in extremity or value from place to place, recent wars and conflict-related studies show that different distinct mechanisms explain the differences in the duration and consequences of war and other forms of conflict. The three main mechanisms that are used to explain this disparity among conflicts are the private information and incentives to misrepresent, domestic politics and its principal agent problems and commitment problems. The latter mechanism is often powered by shifting powers. Generally, domestic commitment problems are associated with increased war duration and increased war intensity. Thus, commitment problems offer reasons for people to believe that they are responsible for the largest wars. This paper discusses the manner in which the concept of domestic commitment has contributed to the current understanding of war. The idea or logic behind the domestic commitment problem is that big and quick shifts in power are highly likely to result in war regardless of the available information supporting a contrary scenario. The inkling of commitment problem as a mechanism of war is quite uncomplicated. For instance, if a country expects another to become stronger in the next period, expectedly, the latter country would require a bigger share of the territory tomorrow.

A Critique Of Mills Harm Principle Philosophy Essay

A Critique Of Mills Harm Principle Philosophy Essay In this essay, I will be writing a critique on Mills harm principle. Evaluate its criticisms and explain why its positive influence far outweighs the negative ones in a society which its citizens are free to dictate their notions. In his Autobiography of 1873, John Stuart Mill described On Liberty as a kind of philosophic textbook of a single truth (Mill (1989 edn), p.189) and rather than speak in terms of rights, some may claim a right not to be harmed, Mill said only Harm (or the threat of Harm) is a sufficient justification for exercising power over another. Mill further qualified his Principle by adding that it wouldnt be a sufficient condition to exercise power over someone simply for their own good and he does permit some exemptions to the Harm Principle. So he allows coercion in an economic context, like when a more efficient and presumably more profitable company Harms a competitor by seizing an increase in market share. Another exemptions are of the incompetent, the retarded, the ignorant, children, all those below the age of consent. They may all be coerced; in short all those not competent are exempt and Mill allows for coercion by the judiciary. So for example the type of legal coercion which punishes murder by imprisonment is exempt. However probably the most controversial exemption in, On Liberty is Mills reference to backward states of society, Mill refers to barbarians and says We may leave out of consideration those backward states of society in which the race itself may be considered as in its nonage. (Mill, John Stuart. Stefan Collini (ed.), On Liberty and Other Writings, (2000 edn), p.13.) Mill is referring here to societies so backward theyd hardly be capable of understanding the Harm Principle let alone responsibly applying it. The implication here is that society needs to recognize concepts like free discussion before it can achieve that level of education and understanding which enables it to benefit from The Harm Principle. Yet when considered in its totality his Principle is anything but simple, because On Liberty is concerned with, Isaiah Berlins later defined concept of Negative Liberty that is, freedom from interference. To quote Berlin, the freedom of which I speak is opportunity for action, rather than action itself. If, although I enjoy the right to walk through open doors, I prefer not to do so, but sit still and vegetate, I am not thereby rendered less free. Freedom is the opportunity to act, not action itself. (Berlin (1969), p.xlii). Some significant criticisms of, Mills Harm Principle have been expressed over the years. I intend to consider the three leading arguments, 1. VAGUENESS. In other words what exactly does Mill mean when he uses the word Harm? Its notable that no definition of Harm is to be found in, On Liberty, granted Mill gives us some exemptions, but no more than that and accordingly Mills use of the word Harm is often considered imprecise. Its this very lack preciseness (vagueness) that prompts us to wonder if there could be a point at which acts of offence become acts of Harm. Without an adequate definition of Harm it becomes difficult to derive to a meaningful definition of Offence and without that judgments of rightness or wrongness are in danger of becoming blurred. In a book by the philosopher Joel Feinberg entitled, Offence to Others, he discusses a thought experiment whereby the reader is assumed to be a passenger on a crowded bus. Its possible to leave the bus of course, but that would be inconvenient and theres not another seat to move to and theres also no prospect of leaving ones seat to stand. Feinberg relates a set of examples, each more offensive than its predecessor, which take place in full view of the passengers. He starts innocently enough with comparatively mild examples like horrible smells, migraine inducing lights, intolerable noises and so on. In the next section which is headed, Disgust and Revulsion, he outlines even more revolting examples; people eating live insects, each others vomit and so on. Further on Feinberg talks of sex acts on the bus, both heterosexual and homosexual. He goes on to suggest increasingly more offensive examples, cataloguing in all 31 distinct illustrations. It emerges that some actions, although of fensive, can be tolerated in public whilst others may be so intolerable as to be better conducted in private. During our earliest years we learn to be conscious of concepts such as yours and mine (that is your sandwich but this is my sandwich) and its from these formative years that our notions of property as well ideas like property rights and obligations derive. Mine has a deeply personal value ascribed to it, encompassing not only physical things (like sandwiches) but also more abstract things, like personal space. An invasion of mine can invariably bring with it an almost instinctual reaction and Suppose someone, in an effort to signal friendliness, stands that bit too close or the person in the next seat plays their walkman that little bit too loud. We can feel aggrieved perhaps even angry? We often describe the other person as, invading our space. A proportion of the public space has become deeply personal. In other words, something about that public space has become mine. In this respect then we often hear somebody say that what someone is doing is, so unnecessary. By that she means i ts unnecessary for an activity to be conducted in public, because it could just as well be carried on in private. It may well be then that offensive public displays should be prohibited by law but still be allowed in private. When one tries to draw a line between Offensive Acts and Harmful ones its not unusual to be faced with a dilemma. Suppose someone is running, naked, along a street that could be interpreted by some onlookers as an Offensive Act, it might even be considered a Harmful Act towards children. In a similarly vein it may be that someone could find the idea of a homosexual relationship, even if behind closed doors, more offensive than an intimate heterosexual liaison which takes place in public. So, just as before, it seems that some things are judged offensive if conducted in public but may well be condoned in private. On Liberty makes it clear that in order to tolerate what Mill calls experiments in living, the toleration of some things, in private, is necessary. For example, some things which are objectionable to this generation may well be acceptable to the next. To him experimentation is a necessary attribute to drive society forward. Mill makes it clear that its by experiments in living that society progresses, an open-minded society would tolerate geniuses because, as Mill maintains, to prohibit everything but the norm would have the effect of stifling innovation and experiments in living'. Thus, a follower of Mills Harm Principle allows offensiveness but modifies the distinction to say that, if offensiveness is conducted in private with each participant having full knowledge of consequences and outcome and each being fully and freely aware of what theyre doing, then the Harm Principle would be complied with. Others however take a different view. Lord Devlin however admits no distinction between public and private actions. He maintains, see Dworkin Ronald (ed.) (1977) The Philosophy of Law, Oxford University Press, pp76-77, that private morality if widely adopted can become public morality. He considers that just as treasonable acts, plotted in private, can eventually adversely affect society so immoral acts, conducted in private, can become similarly antisocial. For Devlin the test of rightness is not linked to Utilitarian Theory at all. He famously refers to The Man on the Clapham Omnibus, his test being the feelings of intolerance, indignation and disgust of a reasonable man. But there are difficulties with relying on what an ordinary person would find morally acceptable. Presumably, in the heyday of the Taliban, if we had asked the reasonable man on a Kabul omnibus whether or not there should be a law barring female children from attending school, his feelings of intolerance, indignation and disgust would be a sufficient justification to allow the introduction of such a law. H. L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University, differs from Devlins reasonable man view holding it better to adopt a rational person test. (Ibid, pp83-88). A reasonable person is neither required to have reasons for, nor to justify, moral beliefs. Instead they depend upon convictions of what is and isnt morally acceptable. Its apparent then that, despite an intuitive appeal, Devlins approach fails to fully refute Mills Harm Principle. 2. NO MAN IS AN ISLAND. Mills implicit assumption that its possible to undertake an action in such a way that it wont affect anyone else is called into question here. Of course, its quite possible to do something which only appears wholly self regarding. Suppose I enjoy rock climbing. I may believe that my climbing, if solitary, could harm no one but myself, even if I should suffer a fatal accident. In such circumstances I wouldnt, on the face of it, be causing Harm to another but should I have a climbing partner she may well be Harmed by my demise, even though not in any way responsible for my misfortune. And even if I made certain that I and only I climbed, in the event of a fatal accident, grieving relations could be harmed. There could well be a similar Harmful effect suffered by members of a mountain rescue team that recovers my body and so forth. Therefore some might say I should be stopped from participating in dangerous hobbies because of a risk of possible Harmful effects an accident to myself may have upon others. If, being aware of the dangers of passive smoking, I smoke cigarettes heavily but only in my own home, taking care not to impose the effects of my smoking upon others, it could be said that I stand to harm no one but myself and so Mills Principle would then apply because I could be persuaded of the danger to my health but coercion shouldnt be used. But if my risk of a serious smoking related disease puts an unfair burden upon an already overstretched asset, perhaps even reducing the resources available to other people with serious illness. For this reason Mills implied assumption that some actions regard the perpetrator alone has been questioned. Fitzjames Stephen held that, by far the most important part of our conduct regards both us and others (Fitzjames Stephen (1967 edn), p66). This view is held by many of Mills critics. Nonetheless its implausible to assert that every self-regarding act has a Harmful effect upon others. 3. LIBERTY AND UTILITARIANISM. A foundation of On Liberty is Mills professed Utilitarianism, where each persons individuality and happiness is the objective of a civilised society. But because Mills Utilitarianism has its emphasis on consequences of action, some have questioned whether its correct to assume the Harm Principle is truly Utilitarian and so Mills Utilitarianism is often termed a consequentialist theory. Happiness, according to Mill, is not as simple as Jeremy Benthams idea, where he thought of happiness as, a blissful state of mind. Mill believed happiness to be something more complicated; he thought the sum of human happiness was better served by the preservation of as wide a range of negative liberties as possible. Its been argued though that many of the negative freedoms put forward by Mill were ultimately incompatible with his Utilitarianism because the Utilitarian aim of maximum happiness gives way to other considerations. But this view misses the fact that far from abandoning Utilitarianism, Mill argues that The Harm Principle and Utilitarianism can go hand in hand, so to speak. He certainly holds that there should be complete freedom of thought and discussion. Almost a third of, On Liberty is devoted to these vital freedoms yet, as a consequence of his thoughts about experiments in living he also makes the case for individuality and individual freedoms. Mill holds that the very concept of Negative Freedom allows for a choice between good and evil, for the freedom to choose between overall happiness and the gratification of individual desire. In other words people are free to accept or refuse an opportunity. As Mill said, The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs or impede their efforts to obtain it. (Mill, John Stuart. Stefan Collini (ed.), On Liberty and Other Writings, (2000 edn), p.16.) In the section of On Liberty entitled, On Liberty, as one of the elements of well-being. (ibid, p68) Mill maintains that the fact of human diversity is itself an argument for liberty. He argues that imposing one way of life upon every member of a society would be as disastrous as treating a cactus and an orchid in the same fashion. Mill says (putting aside some exceptional circumstance, such as monastic institutions) that human beings differ so much from each other that it would make no sense at all to expect each one to conform to a single model of a good life. Mill differentiates private interests, where no intervention is permitted, and public interests where, to maximize general happiness, intervention is allowed. For example, there are certain things like murder and fraud which a civilized society could not tolerate and against which it would have to protect itself but that same society should still encompass within it private interests of freedom and liberty. Its clear then tha t Mill adopts a utilitarian philosophy when addressing matters of public interest, but its a subtler form of utilitarianism which weve come to know as Indirect Utilitarian. While a direct utilitarian believes that any action which promotes general happiness is good, an indirect utilitarian would follow a more understated interpretation, holding that individuals should not simply be left to maximize happiness for themselves and its this indirect utilitarianism which Mill assumes throughout, On Liberty. He says, I regard utility as the ultimate appeal to all ethical questions; but it must be utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of a man as a progressive being (Ibid, p.14) CONCLUSION In, Thinking from A to Z, Nigel Warburton reminds us that a Socratic Fallacy is: The mistaken belief that if you cant define a general term precisely you wont be in any position to identify particular instances of it. Warburton. Nigel. Thinking from A to Z. Routledge (2nd edn. 2000), p.120 The vagueness objection is a Socratic Fallacy, because whilst a concise definition of the word Harm isnt to be found in, On Liberty the following argument is sound: Premise 1. Minor objections should be set aside if an idea withstands the test of time. Premise 2. On Liberty has withstood the test of time. Conclusion. On Liberty should have minor objections set aside. To insist that Mills Harm Principle is specific at every eventuality is tantamount to asking for the impossible simply because the very concept of freedom (or liberty) carries within it an element of vagueness. The most a person reading, On Liberty with charity could reasonably expect is a Harm Principle with illustrative examples, and where fitting, appropriate definitions. This essay has reviewed the major criticisms leveled at Mills deliberations. The question of Mills alleged vagueness has been addressed as well as the problems associated with deciding what is Harmful as against Offensive and its been argued that consenting adults, acting in private, are unlikely to harm anyone but themselves. With regard to the claim that Mill has neglected his utilitarian principles it has been argued that, On Liberty has remained true to Mills utilitarian ideals, accommodating the negative freedoms necessary for an individuals freedoms. Mills arguments favor through Utilitarian means a concept of negative liberty, making the point that its only when were given sufficient freedom to freely choose how to live our lives (follow the good, if you will) that were most likely to maximize happiness. He says that a diversity of lifestyles is necessary because it allows differing individuals to find their own fulfilling ways of living. Its useful to remind ourselves that, On Liberty was published in 1859 and that it was intended primarily for the general public, it certainly wasnt presented as a dissertation solely for the academic world. Reading, On Liberty one is struck by Mills feeling for humanity and by his concern for his fellow man. He goes to some lengths to point out that his Principle is intended to protect those less able or, as he said, those not in the maturity of their faculties. All in all, On Liberty gives a structure within which to discuss the question of how free a person should be to live life as they please. For us in the 21st century, On Liberty embodies truths of tolerance, liberty and accountability to which the best of our societies aspire to today. From Mills writings its clear that the Harm Principle is essentially sound and that Mill is still relevant after nearly one hundred and fifty years. For example the rise of religious fundamentalism often brings with it an intolerance of alternative views that runs counter to Mills ideals. By the same token, its not too difficult to find totalitarian regimes (be they left or right wing) whose subjects are required to repress their individuality in service of the common good. Its right that the last word be left to J. S. Mill. The mischief begins when, instead of calling for the activity and powers of individuals and bodies, it (The State) substitutes its own activity for theirs; when instead of informing, advising, and, upon occasion, denouncing, it makes them work in fetters, or bids them stand aside and does their work instead of them. (Mill, J. S. On Liberty and Other Writings, (2000 edn), p.115.) THE END

digital photography artists :: essays research papers

Famous Digital Artists   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jody Dole is one of the featured artists in the book â€Å"Digital Image Creation†. He is a fine-art and advertising photographer. His first successful piece was an ad campaign for Smirnoff Vodka. In five years he was able to become a successful, well=known artist, gaining international recognition for his still-life photography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nash Editions is a company built up of artists. Its founders are Graham Nash and Mac Holbert. The company has the best reputation within the fine-art digital printmaking world. The reason for this is because they use their own custom built scanner along with Macintosh computer systems and iris printers. Some of Nash Editions featured artists are David Byrne, Eileen Cowin, Carol Flax and Olivia Parker. Nash Editions is constantly staying up to date with their state-of-the-art technology and with the creativity of their staff.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another famous digital photographer is Charly Franklin. He specializes in a surreal style. Most of his images are of landscapes, and a lot take place on the beach. At first, Frankin had to set up elaborate sets to get the desired image, but with the technological advances with computer programs, he is now able to do most of his work on the computer. Every image he has produced since 1991 has been digitally manipulated. His work is in high demand, by corporate companies, and some of it has been published in Communications Arts, Print, Photo Metro and even on the cover of Graphics Design Annual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last artist we researched is Joyce Neimanas. Joyce is a member of the faculty at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago since 1973. Her work has been in the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the California Museum of Photography and many others.

How to raise a child Essay

Amy Chua’s article â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior† appeared in the Wall Street Journal on January 8, 2011. When this article was published the controversy began. One article in argument to Amy Chua’s was James Bernard Murphy’s article â€Å"In Defense of Being a Kid† which also appeared in the Wall Street Journal on February 9, 2011. Murphy contends by stating Amy Chua’s method of how to raise a child will do nothing but turn children into neurotic, self-absorbed and unhappy adults. James Murphy, author of â€Å"In Defense of Being a Kid† and professor of government at Dartmouth College argues that children should live childhood and enjoy childhood innocence, not be pressured or forced to prepare for their adulthood and the pressure that comes with it. â€Å"Part of the point of childhood is childhood itself. ‘ (Summers 279) Childhood takes up a quarter of one’s life and it would be nice if children enjoyed it. Murphy continues to explain what the unique blessings of childhood are. First, children have a gift of moral innocence, children are unaware of what is to come in their future and the burdens, and therefore they put their trust in us fully. Children are open to new adventures and unaware of time thus cannot be wasted. We as adults forget that most of us produced our best art, asked our deepest philosophical questions, and most readily mastered new gadgets when were children. We as parents need to take a step back from teaching our children and realize how much we can learn from them. Murphy uses emotion when he states â€Å"children are people with distinctive powers and joy. † He realizes what children are capable of if they are given space to imagine and explore ideas of the world that we have forgotten. Murphy thinks like a child and is defending their youth. It is important to know when to give a child space to allow them to become an individual. In defense Murphy argues, â€Å"most of us would like Tom’s childhood followed by Mill’s adulthood. But as parents we are stuck with trying to balance the paradoxical demands of both preparing our children for adulthood and protecting them from it. † The article seems to indicate you can’t have that childhood and young adulthood. I disagree because that is exactly how I grew up. Yes we did have responsibilities on the farm, but when chores were done we did what we wanted to do. We were taught what was right and what was wrong. I believe if you are raised with good morals, respect for yourself and others you can be very successful. I feel the drive to succeed comes from a supportive family and the want to be successful at what you love to do, not what you are forced to do. Murphy uses logic with the comparison of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and Jesus. Two of which did not have the same beliefs of children. I disagree with Aristotle when he said â€Å"no child is happy†, the only time a child is happy is when they have thoughts of the achievements as an adult. When a child is given space it gives them the opportunity to imagine, to think outside of the box and capable for intellectual activity. We have to encourage and embrace their uniqueness and imagination or as Jesus did praise our children. I strongly agree with Murphy’s fourth thought, â€Å"We forget that most of us produced our best art, asked our deepest philosophical questions, and most readily mastered new gadgets when we were mere children. † (Murphy 279) As children we are more carefree and have less sense of our surroundings and what people think of us. We are eager to learn and curious about adulthood but should not be rushed to become one. I believe in realizing the capacity of a child, you need to know their capabilities and their limits. Work Citied Behrens, Laurence, and Leonard J, Rosen. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 12th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2013. Print

Outsourceing Framework essays

Outsourceing Framework essays Intent: To provide the company and practitioners with tools and guidelines for addressing both domestic and multi-national sourcing needs. This outsourcing methodology consists of three activities covering the assessment, procurement, implementation, and ultimate maintenance of an arrangement between the company and their outsourcing vendors. A. The summary of tradeoffs to meet its business and financial goals through the next five years, the company needs to leverage technology advances, changes in the regulatory environment, cost reduction opportunities resulting from privatization of service vendors abroad and the proliferation of the information technology by transforming its photo equipment and chemical lines along with current customer service implementation into a highly responsive globally integrated configuration while using its buying power to decrease costs. Framework will mandate tactical design, provisioning, deployment, bill consolidation and payment operations and maintenance for companies photo copiers and related equipment and will be the primary focus for evaluation in order to identify opportunities to reduce costs, improve service delivery, introduce new services currently not outsourced and add the flexibility necessary to favorably position company in its competitive marketplace. The methodologies anticipate the requirements for information technology by recognizing and structuring the interplay between technology, operational and organizational factors. These tools address the challenge of developing effective solutions by balancing the consideration of the whole set of factors faced in their design, implementation, and operations. Teams will focus on analyzing how market and technology changes may impact company costs related to the products and services defined in its global marketing strategy and identified as part of the scope of the program. Among key areas to be analyzed, market deregulation, chemi...

Anne Frank essays

Anne Frank essays The Diary of Anne Frank Journeying back to the early nineteenth century, when Nazi forces occupied Germany during World War II, the lives of those living in this territory was spent in constant fear and anxiety. The Diary of Anne Frank leads readers through the harsh times of a family trying to escape imprisonment in concentration camps by Nazi soldiers, where death was almost certain. Born on June 12, 1929, Anne Frank was a German-Jewish teenager who was forced to go into hiding during the Holocaust. She and her family, along with four others, spent 25 months during World War II in an annex of rooms above her father's office in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. During the two years in hiding which Anne refers to as "a time when the ideals are being shattered and destroyed, when the worst side of human nature predominates, when every one has come to doubt truth, justice and God (pg.327)." Anne kept a diary that was given to her by her father, Otto Frank, on her birthday. Between June 1942 and August 1944, from Anne's thirteenth birthday until shortly after her fifteenth birthday, Anne recorded her feelings, her emotions, and her thoughts, as well as the events that happened to her. "...Ideas, dreams, and cherished hopes rise within us only to meet the horrible truth and be shattered...yet in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart (pg. 327)." The diary is an accurate record of the way Anne grows up and matures, in the unfortunate situation she found herself. Given the circumstances in which the novel is written Anne gave a very vivid description of her surroundings and the feelings she encountered throughout her ordeal. The novel displays the grief and frustration that is experienced throughout the time spent in hiding. The emotions of the situation are captured in the text and gives validity to the pain and frustration encountered. Despite the amusing and enlightening side of the diary, that documents the...

Public Relations Consultancies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Relations Consultancies - Essay Example For convenience whereby if the organization has a number of offices, then consultancy can be able to deliver services that are centrally based for functions that need be organized such as press launches, conferences and receptions. For United Kingdom as an example, there are a considerable number of consultancies that generally range from; the big ones that have international repute to those that are modest, the medium sized and the very small ones. There are also other public relation practitioners, who offer specialized services on a business-to-business basis while others deal with a coverage that is more general and therefore provide a full service for their clients, which it delivers directly to the public (Henslowe, 2003, p. 10). James Grunig focuses on public relations as a function of strategic management in organizations and he helped to explain how public relations professional participate in strategic decision-making processes in an organizational setting. Until recently, the main practitioners of public relations and the main buyers who sought public relation services were the multinational businesses and institutions not only because of their economic size but since they have an appreciation of how important public relations can be. Organisations that deal with this area of business progressively developed sophisticated in how they use communications, which will be able to make public relations to become more popular in Bahrain (Carroll, 2011, p. 25). Promoseven PR is a part of the Promoseven Network and an affiliate of the McCann-Erickson World Group is the market leader in the United Arab Emirates where it ranks as the first among the agencies as the agency that had the highest awareness levels among the clients that seek services in the public relations field. The company provides services like press, public and government relations to independent clients and

Personal Development As A First Line Manager Assignment

Personal Development As A First Line Manager - Assignment Example The plan enables an individual to align his/her personal goals with the organizational goals. This assists the individual in improving his/her work performance. Thus this personal development benefits the organization by improving its performance in the short term as well as in the long-term (The Keynote Project, 2002). The personal development goals will indirectly lead to the fulfillment of the goals set by the school. The personal goals I have set for achieving are related to the improvement of my work performance. The objective of acquiring event management skills helps them acquire skills that would enable me to efficiently manage and arrange school events. Thus meeting the organization's objective of providing good quality educational service of which such entertainment is a part. Also implementing and learning how to manage the Inventory control system named jump-stock would assist me in taking care of canteen inventory and other school supplies inventory (Burg, 2013). This ef ficient and faster management of inventory will assist the organization in running its operations most effectively. Therefore, providing high quality educational service with added school facilities and attracting more customers leading to increasing sales. Improving time management skills, stress management and financial skills will assist me in carrying out my responsibilities effectively. Financial skill would help me identify if there had been any glitches in the financial records of the facilities. Time management could help me complete work responsibilities before time and with highest work quality. Stress management could assist me in handling difficult situations with intelligence and thus help the organization run its operations most effectively. I plan to enhance these skills by taking a Stress Management training Diploma Course offered by The Stress Consultancy and Open Learning Institute (Stress Management Training, n.d.). Writing and speaking skills and improving relati ons with subordinates pertains to enhancing communication skills. The former will aid in becoming proficient in speaking and writing, thus helping in getting the message across within or outside school effectively. The latter would support in developing friendly relations with subordinates and detecting any conflicts/issues with them and taking an immediate action. This leads to increased motivation among employees and increased efficiency in school facilities provision. So effective communication helps the organization achieve high sales, lower cost, higher profitability and high quality service objectives. Learning how to operate knowledge management system also brings company to achieving the same objectives mentioned above. This is because knowing how to use and implement this system in facilities department could help in better decision-making. I identified numerous learning and development opportunities that would assist in achieving my personal development goals. The reason i s the nature of the goals themselves. All the goals could be achieved either by taking the relevant courses online or attending workshops, keeping a log and relevant notes from these courses/workshops. Learning from all these relevant courses and workshops is essential in acquiring the relevant skills since they add value to my work at school as Facilities Manager Assistant. These courses would help me move forward with my plan and thus enhance my work performance for my and company's benefit. I will review the progress of my plan on monthly basis. This will enable me to see how far along have I achieved my objectives. If needed, I will be able to

Freedom and Social Political Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Freedom and Social Political Philosophy - Essay Example Social-political philosophy, therefore, refers to discipline infrastructure that aims to solve and discover problems that are deeply rooted in the society and affects human beings either directly or indirectly. It seeks to create a relationship between the society and man. Social-political philosophy is considered universal, prescriptive or largely theoretical in context (Simon, 2002). Social-political philosophy concerns the existence of man in the society. It helps identify the nature of human beings and evaluates how they are able to relate to the society. It deals with man’s relationship and conducts with the society at large. The questions posed by social-political philosopher’s targets issues such as democracy, rules and the purpose of the state. The person’s metaphysical orientation is one of the element s that determines political philosophy various questions that a social-political philosopher asks are vital in the creation of rules and laws associated with man and aimed at establishing the re3lationships that coexist with the society. The culture and experience of a philosopher determine how they are able to respond to the many questions raised and targeting man and society (Russell, 2000). A philosopher relates their ideas to those who came before them and the current issues affecting the society as a man’s dwelling place. Soc ial-political philosophy and political science functions together through political science are associated with answers that are descriptive (it says, ‘what is not and what is’). Political philosophy, on the other hand, utilizes the evaluative and analytical method in dealing with most of its issues. The paper seeks to discuss a social-political philosophy theme in the society. Freedom and justice are some of the themes in the social-political philosophy. The idea of freedom is recognized as ambiguous, indefinite and open to a lot of misconception.  

Analysis of Newspaper Research Report Results Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Newspaper Research Report Results Essay A study recently published in the San Jose Mercury News suggests the parents of obese children do not perceive their children as obese. An analysis of this study, its methods, and its findings is an important exercise in understanding the meaning and relevance of all research. The ability to read research critically and understand how it was generated allows us to identify possible design flaws or to realize the validity of its conclusions and make appropriate use of the data. The study was conducted through an internet research firm for the University of Michigan. Its goal was to determine the percentage of parents who realized their children are obese and to compare it to the percentage of parents that do not realize their children are obese. The participants were selected by simple random sampling and were considered a representative sample of American parents. The sample included 2060 respondents (Runk, 2007). The data appeared to be collected through internet surveys. The study was observational and measured continuous data sets including the height, weight, age, and gender of the participants children (Bennett, Briggs, Triola, 2003). A body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile in comparison to children the same age and gender was the criteria used for obesity in this study. The data from these children was then compared the national percentage of children considered obese by the same standards. Qualitative data pertaining to whether or not the parents thought their children were slightly overweight, very overweight, or about right was also collected (Runk, 2007). Although it was not specifically stated, I hypothesize the children studied were broken down into bins by age and gender. The first bin comprised of obese girls six to 11 years old and the second bin obese boys six to11 years old. For the 12 to 17 year old group the first bin included obese girls 12 to 17 years old and the second bin included obese boys 12 to 17 years old. I further hypothesize the parents of children in each group were binned according to their response to the qualitative assessment of their childs weight. For each age group the first bin included parents who answered   very overweight, the second bin included parents who answered slightly overweight, and the third bin included parents who answered about normal (Bennett, Briggs, Triola, 2003). The findings in the six to 11 year old group revealed 15% of the children in this age group met the criteria for obesity. This finding was not significantly different from the national figure which reports 17% of all children in the United States are obese by the standard of this study. Thirteen percent of the parents of obese children in this age group categorized their children as very overweight, 37% classified their children as slightly overweight, and 43% reported their children were about right (Runk, 2007). The findings in the 12 to 17 year old group revealed 10% of children in this age group met the criteria for obesity. This finding is significantly lower than the national figure for obese children. Thirty one percent of the parents of obese children in this age group reported their children as being very overweight, 56% reported their children as slightly overweight, and 11% reported their children were about right (Runk, 2007). Researchers concluded both age groups under reported the incidence and severity of obesity when compared to the national statistic stating 17% of all children meet the criteria for obesity outlined in this study (Runk, 2007). I agree the severity of obesity was greatly under reported in both groups. However, I disagree with the assertion the incidence of obesity was under reported in the six to 11 year old group. I believe the difference between 15% and 17% could easily be a coincidence. It may also have resulted because the internet was used to collect data and poor children are more likely to be obese and less likely to have internet access (Vieweg, Johnston, Fernandez Pandurangi, 2007). I do agree that obesity seemed to be considerably under reported in the 12 to 17 year old group. A statistically significant difference (about 7%) occurred between that age groups 10% incidence and the 17% national incidence of childhood obesity (Runk, 2007). Such a large difference is unlikely to be a coincidence and supports the theory that obesity was under reported in this age group or  confounding was present (Bennett, Briggs, Triola, 2003). Critical analysis of this data reveals many strengths and a few significant weaknesses in the design and implementation of this study. The goal is clearly stated, to determine the percentage of parents who realized their children are obese and to compare it to the percentage of parents that do not realize their children are obese. This goal was clearly accomplished for all the study participants. The source of the study is the University of Michigan which can be considered a reliable, neutral source. The sampling is sufficiently large, but whether or not it is representative of childhood obesity in this country is questionable. A serious problem with the sample exists as a result of using the internet as the setting. High proportions of obese children are socioeconomically disadvantaged and may not have internet access. The internet setting is likely to account for the apparent under reporting of obese children noted in this study and as such is a probable source of confounding. The criterion for obesity is well defined and could be easily measured in all the subjects, but I remain concerned a significant portion of obese children may have been inadvertently omitted from consideration. In the end, however, I find there is a strong practical use for this data. Healthcare providers are made conscious of the fact that the parents are, more often than not, genuinely unaware their child is obese. This data supports the decision to open a dialogue with parents and offer teaching about the dangers and prevention of childhood obesity the clear course of action. References: Bennett, J., Briggs, W., Triola, M. (2003). Statistical Reasoning for EverydayLife, Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison Wesley. RetrievedDecember 5, 2007, from University of Phoenix rEsource HCS 438. Runk, D. (2007, December 24). Parents dont realize their kids are fat. MercuryNews (San Jose). Retrieved December 28, 2007, fromhttp://www.mercurynews.com/healthandscience/ci_7799918?nclick_check=1. Vieweg, V., Johnston, Fernandez, A., Pandurangi. A. (2007). Correlation between high risk obesity groups and low socioeconomic status in school children. Southern Medical Association. Retrieved January 12, 2008, from University of Phoenix library [EBSCOhost].

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Education Teacher School

My Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education and my personal goals and theories about how students are empowered through their educational experience revolve around the student-centered, interactive approach to instruction and learning. My goal as an educator is to create a learner-focused environment that promotes the basic literacy skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking and thinking. Children are readers, writers, and thinkers who need language to question and understand. They become members of literate communities using language in real ways for real purposes. Through my own classroom research, I have learned to listen to children, to observe the multitude of ways in which they learn, and to examine the elements that encourage their growth. Each day must be devoted to writing, reading, and interacting with literature. Children learn to read by reading. They learn to write by writing. Listening to and talking about literature enhances both processes. Children learn to think, to question, to reflect on what they write, read, and listen to in a classroom that allots a significant amount of time to the interaction and practice of these skills. Children make choices as to what to read, what to write, and how to approach a task. These children who make their own decisions take ownership of their learning and are better able to make meaning within their world. Teacher responses play a critical part in this environment by asking questions to stimulate thinking, and children become adept at generating their own questions and seeking answers. Peers also learn to make enabling responses in a literate community. Children need and deserve these responses; as well as, they need to hear the ideas o... ...ncourages children to be able to use their learning skills of various disciplines and put to use these skills acquired. Also, it helps children in solving and resolving age appropriate challenges. In doing this, one hopes to instill confidence and foster the child?s ability to see how all aspects of education build up the learner equipping him/her with the necessary knowledge to more forth in education as well as life. I believe that a teacher should be able to wear many hats with success. We must address each student as an individual and adjust the method of teaching to accommodate the child?s capacity to learn. Building up the student and providing him/her with all the necessary skills of reading, writing, and problem solving will foster and stimulate further learning. The student will ultimately benefit as a productive learner and member of society.

Summary of Finding Forrester :: essays research papers

Does anyone really like to be stereotyped? Does anyone want to be looked at and automatically judged just because of the way they look, by their skin color, their hair type, or even the type of clothing they wear? Finding Forrester is a film that in my opinion perpetuates stereotypes. The entire film is based on significantly different racial opinions, opinions of different writing styles and stereotyping of different people in general. Race is a huge issue in the film and many stereotypes are made. Jamal Wallace is introduced in the film as a typical black teenage male who goes to a low class school in the Bronx and really excels on the court as a basketball player. He always plays basketball with his friends in a parking lot. Jamal is dared to go into the apartment of a recluse who watches them play through binoculars. Jamal is caught and, running away in fright Not too many people thought of him as being anything more than that, due to the fact that Jamal makes mediocre grades in his school in the Bronx, he does just enough to get by and to maintain a â€Å"C† average. Jamal did not push himself any harder in the classroom than he needed to. Jamal’s passion is writing, He meets a famous old writer named William Forrester through a dare, who has been watching him when he plays basketball at the parking lots. Little do they know when they first meet what a great difference they would each eventually make for each other. William is the first to help Jamal by helping him in his writing. Jamal is a great writer but just doesn’t know it yet. William helps Jamal find himself in his writing, and Jamal prospers into quite a good writer. The help didn’t really stop there either. Jamal would tell William all about his day and Does anyone really like to be stereotyped? Does anyone want to be looked at and automatically judged just because of the way they look, by their skin color, their hair type, or even the type of clothing they wear? Finding Forrester is a film that in my opinion perpetuates stereotypes. The entire film is based on significantly different racial opinions, opinions of different writing styles and stereotyping of different people in general. Race is a huge issue in the film and many stereotypes are made.

Consumer Behavior Tv Advertising

Television advertisements are paid for by an organization (usually a business) to convey a message and to market or promote a specific product or service. These advertisements can range in length from a few seconds to several minutes and have been used since 1941. These advertisements usually get the prospected consumers' attention and often times persuade them to urchasing the product or service.This type of advertisement is in the form of entertainment and needs to be creative. Humor is one of the most widely used techniques in advertising around the world, with about one out of every five television ads containing humorous appeals, but do they actually get us to laugh or smile. Despite the wide array of contemporary advertising formats and media, television advertising remains the most dominant form to which typical consumers are exposed.Research on attitudes toward advertising in general (Att-AiG) implicitly assumes that the Att-AiG measure represents advertising as a whole. A ma jor finding of the current research is that consumers tend to have a mental representation, or exemplar, of the most typical type of advertising†television advertising†when they televtston advertising. To test for typicality effects on reported Att-AiG, we conducted an experiment to test that Att-AiG is closely related to attitudes toward television advertising (Att- TV, ereafter), because television advertising is activated when participants report their Att-AiG.he experiment was a one-factor-between-group design with seven groups: one control group and six experimental groups. A total of 134 undergraduate students from the same population as Study 1 participated in the experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the seven conditions. Gender was balanced. Advertising and marketing students were not included in the experiment.. Each of the 33 items was tested across the 7 conditions via ANOVA and post hoc ests.