The Cinema of Attractions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cinema of Attractions - Essay Example Still, the cinema of attractions is a way of the audience identification and the reflection of the needs of the society of nineteenth and early twentieth century. In case the cinema was able to show something, it was considered to be a good cinema. The early cinema is of the exhibitionist nature. The audience is targeted by the specific images they want to see. Gunning claims that it was very important the way camera interacted with the eyes of an actor. In such a way, the audience had a chance to feel an interaction with heroes on the screen. Both of them were watchers (Diiorio, 2003). The attention of a spectator was very important for the directors of early cinema. This aspect was specially supervised. That is why they were really concerned about visual contact between the viewers and the actors. Only images, which were shown to the audience, were important for them. We can illustrate this claim by the film directed by Edwin Porter â€Å"The Great Train Robbery† in 1903. In this film the bandit looks at the audience and makes a shot. The viewers are able to see the smoke of the gun. This scene happens in the beginning of the film and the audience catches its breath in a foretaste of further events or images. This move is referred by Gunning as exhibitionist move showing the views what will happen next. Gunning claims that: â€Å"the cinema of attractions does not disappear with the dominance of narrative, but rather goes underground, both into certain avant-garde practices and as a component of narrative films, more evident in some genres than in others†. If not images are practiced as the tools to exert influence on the audience, then music is often used by the directors of the later films. (after 1906). In the film directed by Victor Fleming â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† (1939), the events are surrounded by music (Faden, 2001). We can see the way the main characters show their inner states. This technique is used by the directors in order to make them understand further development of events. Therefore, the narrative is supported by music and there is a lack of exhibitionist strategy in it. Viewers obtain help from the directors in order to perceive what is going on the screen correctly. Thus, attractions in the early films were used as tools to grasp attention of the audience and in later films director’s techniques were used to understand moods of the cinema’s characters (Brewster & Jacobs, 1997). According to Gunning, â€Å"This is not to say that narrative films are entirely separate to the world of the cinema of attraction. On the contrary, narratives will often incorporate this form of cinema into their development. However, since this method of cinema does tend to disrupt the realistic illusion created by the audience’s lack of self-awareness, incorporating it usually has a result of slowing down the progression of the narrative† (Gunning, 2000). Therefore, the cinema of attractions c omprises films before 1906 and avant-garde films, but nowadays many directors use these techniques as well. Modern Hollywood films are also based on the techniques of attraction, when the audience can see the face of the main character clearly and feel with him or understand him better. The exhibitionist nature of the cinema of attractions was mainly used for creation of a special atmosphere on the screen. There are special concepts of attraction in

Concept Analysis of Consciousness Research Paper

Concept Analysis of Consciousness - Research Paper Example Concept Analysis: Pattern Recognition from Margaret A. Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC) Some people perceive health as the state or condition where there is the absence of a disease or disability, an assumption which triggered Newman into developing the theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC) (Newman, 2002). In most cases, these people who include those with health uncertainties, incapacitated, and eventual death; are usually associated or relate with nurses. Over the years, the concept has developed and it incorporates all people regardless of the presence or absence of a disease and/or a disability. The development of the HEC theory is attributed to Martha Roger’s theory of Unitary Human Beings, which holds that â€Å"patterning of persons in interaction with the environment is basic to the view that consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction† (Newman, Gaines, and Snare, 2005). N ewman’s theory affirms that the universal process of expanding consciousness should encompass all types of people in every kind of situation regardless of their disabilities and hopelessness. Newman describes this process as that which makes one realize who they are and become one, helps a person to find some sense in living, and that which enables one to reach a new height of connectedness with the rest of the people and the world in general (Newman, 2008). Purpose of and Research Methodology Analysis of a concept is usually to provide the reader with a clear understanding and a detailed description of the concept in question, in this case, pattern recognition (Avant and Walker, 2005). This analysis can be done via implementation of a variety of analysis methodologies. However, this paper employs an analysis methodology developed and presented by Avant and Walker (2005). It identifies operational and theoretical definitions, definition of characteristics of the concepts, ide ntification of the antecedents and the consequences associated with the concept, examination or evaluation of cases in which the concept has been utilized and finally providing empirical referents to the concept. The Concept of Pattern Recognition According to Newman (2005), this concept makes a key component of the relational process of Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC). In addition, Newman (2005) asserts that a series of visits unfolds the uniqueness of health patterning. Here, a special attention is paid to the development of whatever is required to be the outcome of the relationship that emerges between the nursing practitioner and the patient or client. Identification of patterns occurs in stages via the process of praxis rather than the whole process occurring once (Newman, 2005). Currently, the pattern of life of every person contains past information and probabilities of future occurrences. When a client decides to visit a nurse, it is obviously because things have sli ghtly or extremely changed from the usual and thus he or she requires an alternative regarding the client’s situation. The relating process of the clinician and the patient or client is a key facilitator to understanding of the patterns of a person. According to Newman (2005) the goals of pattern recognition include: Helping the client see and understand the current patterns Helping the client